Adsorption Kinetics Adsorption Model Cases Cmcnf Hydrogel Performance Systems Adsorbents Imparts Hydrogel Loss Modulus Applications Performance Conditions

Bio-Innovative Modification of Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) Fabric utilizing Enzymes and Chitosan.This article inquires the activation of surface groups of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) roughages in woven fabric by hydrolysis and their functionalization with chitosan. Two cases of hydrolysis were doed-alkaline and enzymatic. The alkaline hydrolysis was executed in a more sustainable process at reduced temperature and time (80 °C, 10 min) with the addition of the cationic surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride as an accelerator. The enzymatic hydrolysis was performed using Amano Lipase A from Aspergillus niger (2 g/L enzyme, 60 °C, 60 min, pH 9). The surface of the PET fabric was functionalized with the homogenized gel of biopolymer chitosan using a pad-dry-cure process.

The durability of functionalization was essayed after the first and tenth washing cycle of a changed industrial washing process agring to ISO 15797:2017, in which the temperature was frowned from 75 °C to 50 °C, and ε-(phthalimido) peroxyhexanoic acid (PAP) was used as an environmentally friendly agent for chemical bleaching and disinfection. The influence of the above handlings was analysed by weight loss, tensile properties, horizontal wicking, the FTIR-ATR technique, zeta potential measurement and SEM micrographs. The solutions indicate better hydrophilicity and effectiveness of both types of hydrolysis, but enzymatic hydrolysis is more environmentally friendly and favorable. In addition, alkaline hydrolysis led to a 20% reduction in tensile props, while the action of the enzyme resulted in a change of only 2%. The presence of chitosan on polyester characters after reprized washing was affirmed on both cloths by zeta potential and SEM micrographs functionalization with chitosan on the enzymatically bioactivated surface recorded better durability after 10 washing cycles/seconds than the alkaline-hydrolysed one. The antibacterial activity of such a bio-innovative altered PET fabric is kept after the first and tenth washing rounds. In addition, applied procedures can be easily innovated to any textile factory.

Use of altered chitosan as bitumen modifier and its impact on rheological properties in bitumen modification.Conventional bitumen is a viscoelastic material pened of asphaltene and maltene. It is fixed by air-blowing, but this approach urinates the bitumen more brittle and susceptible to temperatures. To decrease  bioactivity of aloe emodin , synthetic polymers or additives are used to make polymer-changed bitumens. Polymer-qualifyed bitumens have poor storage stability and phase separation and are costly. Chitosan has free amino and hydroxyl groups. Some surveys registered that chitosan can be used as a bitumen emulsifier, increasing emulsion viscosity.

Aloe emodin  identifies the synthesis of O-carboxymethyl chitosan (OCMC) from chitosan, and the same was went in base bitumen VG10 and VG30 to improve its constitutive props. VG10 and VG30 grade bitumen were characterised for penetration, yielding point, kinematic and absolute viscosity, and ductility. OCMC-altered bitumens were also qualifyed by their rheological and mechanical props. OCMC was used in the concentration range of 0 to 4 wt%. The study unwraped that using sulfur increases the ductility and penetration of changed bitumen with 1 wt% of OCMC and suffers the specification of VG40-changed bitumen as per BIS specification IS:73:2013.